Lee et al. inactivated vaccines are not quite definite. Therefore, we aimed to explore the safety, antibody responses, and B-cell immunity of T2DM patients who were vaccinated with inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. Methods Eighty-nine patients with Cot inhibitor-1 T2DM and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled, all of whom had received two doses of full-course inactivated vaccines. At 21C105?days after full-course vaccines: first, the safety of the vaccines was assessed by questionnaires; second, the titers of anti-receptor binding domain IgG (anti-RBD-IgG) and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were measured; third, we detected the frequency of RBD-specific memory B cells (RBD-specific MBCs) to explore the cellular immunity of T2DM patients. Results The overall incidence of adverse events was similar between T2DM patients and HCs, and no serious adverse events were recorded in either group. Compared with HCs, significantly lower titers of anti-RBD-IgG (values were reported, Cot inhibitor-1 with valuebody mass index, Hemoglobin A1c, Fasting Plasma Glucose Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines were safe in patients with T2DM The overall incidence of adverse events within 7?days of vaccination was 6.7% in the T2DM group and 6% in the HCs group. Within 30?days of vaccination, the overall incidence of adverse events in the T2DM group and HCs group was 5.6% and 8%, respectively. The differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (7?days: valuevalues (Tables ?(Tables33 and ?and44). Table 3 Multiple linear regression analysis for anti-RBD-IgG in T2DM patients valuebody mass index, Fasting Plasma Glucose, Hemoglobin A1c, CI confidential interval, standard Rabbit Polyclonal to MGST1 regression coefficient, DurbinCWaston: 1.926 valuebody mass index, Fasting Plasma Glucose, Hemoglobin A1c, confidential interval, standard regression coefficient, DurbinCWaston: 2.055 p?0.05 was considered statistically significant Discussion Since the early pandemic, DM has been certified as a risk factor for poor outcomes in COVID-19 [14]. Both innate and adaptive immunity are compromised in DM patients [15]. Moreover, chronic hyperglycemia can compromise innate and humoral immunity [16]. The current research evidence in this area is limited. Hence, it is highly necessary to investigate the safety and immune responses of patients with T2DM post-vaccination. Our study evaluated the safety of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in T2DM patients and focused on the antibody titers and the frequency of RBD-specific MBCs. Furthermore, antibody titers of different BMI, FPG, and HbA1c levels in T2DM patients, as well as factors that may influence antibody responses, were also explored. Herein, we reported an adverse event rate of 6.7% Cot inhibitor-1 within 7?days after vaccination with inactivated vaccines in T2DM patients and 6% in HCs. This incidence was significantly lower than phase I/II trials of BBIBP-CorV (23C29%) [17] and phase I/II clinical trials of CoronaVac in Chinese populations (19C33%) [18]. The differences could be due to population size and self-report. The most common local adverse events were pain and swelling at the injection site, and a very small number of systemic adverse events, including lethargy and fatigue, occurred. This was consistent with Francesca et al. [19]. It was important to note that no serious adverse events requiring hospitalization have been observed in patients with T2DM. In general, our study provided preliminary evidence that inactivated COVID-19 vaccines were safe for T2DM patients. Concerning the antibody responses, more than half of T2DM patients developed seropositive transformation of anti-RBD-IgG and NAbs (positive rate: 65% and 53%, respectively), but the positive rates were significantly lower than those of HCs (88% and 72%, respectively), which stayed in step with the report of Nanny et al. [20]. Consistent presentation.
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