Infect Immun. citrullinated proteins is usually a hallmark of RA pathogenesis.3 Autoantibodies to citrullinated protein (ACPA) are highly particular for RA and precede the onset of clinical disease by years.4C6 Peptidylarginine deiminases (PAD) are enzymes that catalyze the posttranslational changes result of arginine residues to citrulline.7,8 By modifying autoantigens in synovial cells and alternative sites […]